Kajian Bentuk dan Makna Ragam Hias Sankha Bersayap pada Candi Sambisari Kalasan Yogyakarta

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan secara mendalam ragam hias sankha bersayap pada Candi Sambisari. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan penyajian deskripsi interpretatif serta pendekatan estetika berdasarkan teori A.A.M. Djelantik untuk menguraikan aspek visual, serta pendekatan deskriptif untuk menggambarkan objek penelitian secara faktual. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif melalui proses reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Candi Sambisari, Desa Sambisari, Purwomartani, Kalasan, Sleman, DIY. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Candi Sambisari merupakan candi Hindu beraliran Siwa dengan susunan satu candi induk dan tiga candi perwara. Ornamen sankha bersayap memiliki makna simbolik yang berkaitan dengan kesuburan, karena sankha dipahami sebagai lambang air yang menjadi sumber kehidupan dan tempat tumbuhnya tanaman. Oleh karena itu, motif sankha bersayap dipahatkan pada candi sebagai harapan akan kesuburan dan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat di sekitarnya.

This study aims to provide an in depth description of the winged sankha decorative motif found at Sambisari Temple. The research applies a qualitative method with an interpretative descriptive approach and an aesthetic framework based on A.A.M. Djelantik’s theory to analyze the visual aspects, as well as a descriptive approach to present the object of study factually and accurately. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The research was conducted at Sambisari Temple in Sambisari Village, Purwomartani, Kalasan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The findings indicate that Sambisari Temple, a Hindu temple associated with Shaivism, consists of a main temple structure and three perwara temples. The winged sankha ornament holds symbolic meaning related to fertility, as the sankha is regarded as a symbol of water that provides life and supports the growth of plants. Therefore, the winged sankha was carved on the temple as a hope for fertility and prosperity for the surrounding community.